Before we start with the maintenance tips it's probably a good idea to give you a better idea of exactly what vulcanite is. Vulcanite is created by combining natural or synthetic rubber and sulfur and then heating the mixture.

The heat causes the rubber and sulfur molecules to react with one another, creating chemical bonds that ultimately result in crosslinked molecules that make the resulting material harder and more rigid than rubber. While the mixture is hot it is extremely malleable and can be molded into whatever shape the pipe maker wishes.

It is the sulfur in the vulcanite that can cause it to oxidize, especially if it spends a lot of time exposed to heat, moisture or sunlight.

Taking Care of Your Vulcanite Stems: Preventive Measures

Vulcanite is frequently used as a stem material for briar pipes, meerschaum pipes and even corn cob pipes. In fact, it is estimated that vulcanite may be used on more than half of all smoking pipes produced today. However, it is difficult to get an exact figure.

If your pipes have vulcanite stems, preventive maintenance is crucial. Take the following tips to heart to get longer lives out of your vulcanite stems.

• Keep them out of direct sunlight: UV rays from the sun promote oxidation. So when your pipes are not in use make sure you store them away from direct sunlight.
• Rotate your pipes: If you have more than one pipe you should put them into rotation. This will help reduce wear and tear and prevent oil and moisture from building up on the stems.
• Keep your stems clean and dry: In a similar vein to the previous tip you should always wipe down your vulcanite stems after use to remove oils and moisture and prevent oxidation.
• Don't use abrasive cleaners: We would strongly advise you to avoid alcohol-based stem cleaners since the alcohol can dry up the surface and hasten oxidation.

Regular cleaning of your vulcanite stems will help ensure they look great and that they're hygienic. After all, you don't want to be putting a bacteria-laden stem anywhere near your mouth. Here's what you need to perform a routine cleaning:

• Clean cotton cloth
• Regular and bristle pipe cleaners
• A small towel
• A bowl of warm water
• Some mild dish soap

The Cleaning Process

Step 1: Once you are sure the pipe is cool and dry remove the stem carefully.

Step 2: Dampen your cloth and wipe down the stem. You might need to use a bit of dish soap, but if you do, just remember to rinse the stem thoroughly after using.

Step 3: Use your pipe cleaners to clean the airway. Continue to do so until the pipe cleaner is no longer picking up debris.

Step 4: Dry the stem thoroughly with your towel and then let it sit and air dry.

• Dampen a piece of melamine foam (commonly referred to as a "magic eraser") and rub it in a circular motion over the stem. It should gradually lift the oxidation.
• Use an automotive-grade polishing compound applied with a soft cloth to remove the oxidation.
• Any type of "whitening" toothpaste should be able to remove oxidation. Just use a soft toothbrush, rub the stem gently, rinse it well, and let it air dry.

Dealing With Heavy Oxidation

If the stem of your pipe has turned green or brown you have a serious oxidation problem and will need to employ more serious cleaning methods, such as:

• A buffing wheel: If you have a bench-top buffing wheel and some plastic polish compound this is the preferred way to deal with heavy oxidation and will provide pro-grade results.
• Sandpaper: Specifically, micromesh sandpaper. Use it to wet-sand and polish the stem. Just don't press too hard with the sandpaper.
• Bleach: If you decide to use the bleach method do so carefully. Use diluted bleach to remove the oxidation and then rinse, sand, and polish the stem immediately after.